What is Respiratory System?
The respiratory system is a complex network of organs, tissues, and structures responsible for the process of respiration, which involves the exchange of gases between the body and the environment. Its primary function is to provide oxygen to the body's cells and remove carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular metabolism.
Key Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System:
- Nose and Nasal Cavity: The respiratory system begins with the nose and nasal cavity, which filter, warm, and humidify incoming air. Hairs and mucus in the nasal cavity help trap dust, allergens, and pathogens.
- Pharynx: The pharynx, commonly known as the throat, serves as a passage for both air and food. It connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, directing air into the appropriate pathways.
- Larynx: The larynx, or voice box, contains the vocal cords and helps produce sounds and speech. It also prevents food and liquids from entering the lower respiratory system during swallowing.
- Trachea: The trachea, or windpipe, is a tube composed of cartilage rings that extend from the larynx to the bronchi. It allows air to pass between the throat and lungs.
- Bronchi and Bronchioles: The trachea branches into two bronchi, one leading to each lung. Inside the lungs, the bronchi further divide into smaller bronchioles, forming a branching network. The bronchioles eventually end in tiny air sacs called alveoli.
- Lungs: The lungs are the main organs of respiration. They are two spongy, cone-shaped structures located in the chest cavity on either side of the heart. The right lung has three lobes, while the left lung has two lobes to accommodate the heart. The lungs contain numerous alveoli, where the exchange of gases takes place.
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