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(BP101T) Human Anatomy and Physiology I–Theory

Scope: Anatomy is the study of the structure of living organisms, while Physiology is the study of their functions. Together, these fields provide a foundational understanding of the human body and its various systems.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
  1. Explain the structure and functions of different organs in the human body.
  2. Describe homeostatic mechanisms and their imbalances.
  3. Identify tissues and organs in different systems of the human body.
  4. Conduct experiments related to the special senses and nervous system.
  5. Understand the coordinated working pattern of different organs in each system.
Unit I                                                                                                                                         
  • Cellular level of organization: Structure and functions of cell, transport across cell membrane, cell division, cell junctions. General principles of cell communication, intracellular signaling pathway activation by extracellular signal molecule, Forms of intracellular signaling: a) Contact-dependent b) Paracrine c) Synaptic d) Endocrine
  • Tissue level of organization: Classification of tissues, structure, location and functions of epithelial, muscular and nervous and connective tissues.

Unit II
  • Integumentary system: Structure and functions of skin
  • Skeletal system: Divisions of skeletal system, types of bone, salient features and functions of bones of axial and appendicular skeletal system Organization of skeletal muscle, physiology of muscle contraction, neuromuscular junction
  • Joints: Structural and functional classification, types of joints movements and its articulation
Unit III 
  • Body fluids and blood: Body fluids, composition and functions of blood, hemopoeisis, formation of hemoglobin, anemia, mechanisms of coagulation, blood grouping, Rh factors, transfusion, its significance and disorders of blood, Reticulo endothelial system.
  • Lymphatic system Lymphatic organs and tissues, lymphatic vessels, lymph circulation and functions of lymphatic system
    Unit IV
    • Peripheral nervous system: Classification of peripheral nervous system: Structure and functions of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Origin and functions of spinal and cranial nerves.
    • Special senses: Structure and functions of eye, ear, nose and tongue and their disorders.
      Unit V 
      • Cardiovascular system: Heart – anatomy of heart, blood circulation, blood vessels, structure and functions of artery, vein and capillaries, elements of conduction system of heart and heart beat, its regulation by autonomic nervous system, cardiac output, cardiac cycle. Regulation of blood pressure, pulse, electrocardiogram and disorders of heart

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